The Power of Choice: A Guide to Selecting the Right Symbol System for Communication Boards
Communication is the heartbeat of human connection. For many individuals, finding the right way to express a thought, a need, or a dream requires more than just spoken words—it requires a visual language. At Resources at Lakeshore Speech, our team of dedicated speech-language pathologists (SLPs) is committed to providing individuals with communication differences a voice. With over 60 years of combined experience, our founders, VernaAnn Kotansky and Ellen Spear, have seen firsthand how the right symbol system can transform a child’s ability to interact with their world.
When designing inclusive environments—whether it’s a local park, a classroom, or a healthcare facility—the choice of visual icons is one of the most critical decisions you will make. This guide is designed to walk families, educators, and community leaders through the nuances of the most popular systems and help navigate the process of choosing symbol systems that empower every communicator.
What is a Symbol System?
In the world of Augmentative and Alternative Communication (AAC), a symbol system is a structured collection of graphic representations used to convey meaning. These can range from highly realistic photographs to abstract line drawings. For a child with autism, a student with Down syndrome, or an adult recovering from a stroke, these symbols serve as the building blocks of language.
When we create communication boards, we aren’t just placing pictures on a sign; we are selecting a linguistic framework. The goal is to create a bridge between an internal thought and an external expression. By understanding the different types of icons available, we can ensure that the “voice” provided is as clear and functional as possible. As we dive deeper into helping to better understand AAC symbol systems, it becomes clear that these systems are the very foundation of an individual’s ability to participate in their community.
Comparing the Most Popular Symbol Systems
Not all visual languages are created equal. Each symbol system has its own “logic,” aesthetic, and level of complexity. Here is a breakdown of the systems most commonly used:
1. Picture Communication Symbols (PCS) by Boardmaker
PCS is perhaps the most widely recognized symbol system in the world. Developed by Mayer-Johnson, these icons are characterized by their simple, clear line drawings.
- Classic PCS: These are the familiar “egghead” figures. They are intentionally gender-neutral and minimalist to reduce visual clutter.
- Thinline PCS: These offer a more modern, realistic look with detailed figures.
- High Contrast PCS: Specifically designed for individuals with visual impairments (such as CVI), these use bright colors against black backgrounds.
2. SymbolStix
If you have used popular AAC apps like Proloquo2Go or TouchChat, you have likely encountered SymbolStix.
- Pros: SymbolStix is excellent for representing verbs and abstract concepts because the figures are often shown in action.
- Integration: It is the standard for many educational curricula, making it a common choice for school-based communication boards.
3. Widgit Symbols
Widgit is a highly structured symbol system featuring a very consistent “schema”—for example, all symbols related to time might share a specific visual element. This internal logic can help some learners “decode” new words more easily.
How to Choose the Symbol System to Use When Making a Communication Board
Selecting the right visual language is a process known in the SLP world as “feature matching.” It is not about aesthetic preference; it is about finding the most functional tool for the user. When choosing symbol systems, consider the following clinical criteria:
1. Evaluate the Learner’s Visual Profile
Before picking a symbol system, we must look at the user’s vision. Can they see fine lines, or do they need bold, high-contrast icons? For individuals with Cortical Visual Impairment (CVI), a high-contrast system is often the only way to ensure the symbols are actually processed by the brain.
2. Consider Iconicity and Transparency
Iconicity refers to how closely a symbol resembles the real-world object it represents.
- Transparent Symbols: A picture of a “ball” that looks exactly like a ball is highly transparent.
- Opaque Symbols: Abstract symbols (like the word “more” or “want”) are opaque and must be taught.
A robust symbol system should balance clear nouns with recognizable representations of “core vocabulary”—the verbs, adjectives, and pronouns that make up 80% of what we say.
3. Environmental Consistency
Consistency is a cornerstone of AAC success. If a child uses SymbolStix on their personal tablet at home, it is often best to use the same symbol system on the communication boards at their school or local playground. This reduces the “cognitive load,” allowing the user to focus on what they want to say rather than learning a new language every time they change locations.
4. The Science of Placement and Organization
There is a specific clinical science to where icons are placed on a communication board that SLPs utilize to foster language development. This is not arbitrary; it is rooted in motor planning and linguistic mapping.
The Modified Fitzgerald Key is a color-coding system that organizes vocabulary by grammatical category (e.g., yellow for pronouns, green for verbs). By keeping the placement of “Core Vocabulary” consistent, we help the user develop motor memory. Just as a touch-typer doesn’t look at the keyboard, a proficient AAC user learns the “geography” of their board. When the layout is predictable, it allows for faster, more spontaneous communication.
The Role of Communication Boards in the Community
At Resources at Lakeshore Speech, we believe that communication should never be restricted to a therapy room. Public spaces like playgrounds, pools and public spaces are where social-emotional growth happens.
Why Community Boards Matter
When a park installs a board using a recognized symbol system, they are creating a truly inclusive environment. These boards:
- Model Language: They allow peers and parents to “point while they talk,” showing AAC users that their language is valued.
- Reduce Frustration: They provide a quick way for a child to express a need or emotion in real-time.
- Foster Connection: They bridge the gap between neurotypical children and those with communication differences.
Opening Doors with Multilingual Support
Inclusion also means respecting the linguistic diversity of our communities. While English is the standard for many systems, we believe in opening doors that were once closed. By offering the ability to add up to three additional languages per cell, we ensure the symbol system is accessible to families from all backgrounds, making the community space welcoming for everyone.
Designing for Success: Best Practices
Once you have settled on a symbol system, the physical design and layout are the next steps in ensuring the board is functional.
- Focus on Core Vocabulary: Prioritize high-frequency words like “go,” “stop,” “help,” and “more.” These are the most versatile tools for any communicator.
- Limit Visual Clutter: Proper spacing between icons is essential for users with motor challenges to select the right symbol accurately.
- Use High-Quality Materials: We utilize high-grade aluminum composite for our boards because it does not rust, warp, or delaminate. It is vital that the symbol system remains vibrant and legible through years of environmental exposure.
- Sensory Considerations: Using a matte finish helps prevent “sun flare” or glare, which is critical for individuals with light sensitivity or visual processing needs.
Frequently Asked Questions About Symbol Systems
Q: Can I mix different symbol systems on one board?
Generally, we advise against this. Mixing icons from PCS and SymbolStix can be confusing. It is much more effective to stick to one cohesive symbol system to support literacy and cognitive ease.
Q: What if the user only understands real photographs?
Photographs are a helpful starting point. However, because they are so specific (a photo of your chair doesn’t always represent all chairs), we often use them as a bridge toward a more representative symbol system like PCS or SymbolStix for better generalization.
Q: Is there a “best” system?
There is no “best” system—only the best fit for the individual’s specific needs, visual abilities, and existing communication tools.
Empowering Every Voice
At Resources at Lakeshore Speech, our mission is to ensure that everyone has a voice. The world of AAC can feel complex, but the goal is simple: connection. Whether you are a parent, an educator, or a community leader, choosing the right symbol system is a foundational step in building a more inclusive world.
When we prioritize the needs of the user and maintain consistency across environments, we break down barriers and open up a world of possibility. Our resources are grounded in clinical experience and a deep commitment to the families we serve. To see how these boards have impacted others, we invite you to refer to the customer reviews on our website for real-world stories of connection and success.
Conclusion: Moving Toward Inclusion
By understanding the differences between icons and selecting a framework that supports motor memory and linguistic growth, you are providing a lifeline of connection.
If you are ready to explore how a communication board can support your local playground or community space, or if you need guidance on navigating the funding process, we invite you to check the funding page on our website for information on grants and community support.
Visit us at www.lakeshorespeech.com to learn more about our mission or to request more information. Let’s work together to make sure every voice is heard!
